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Heptamethine dyes
Heptamethine dyes are a subclass of chemical compounds within the indocyanine dye family and are currently being explored for their unique uses in medical diagnostics, the development of theranostics, the individualized treatment of cancerous patients with the aid of PDT, co-administration with other drugs, and irradiation.〔F. Pene, E. Courtine, A. Cariou, J.P. Mira. Toward theranostics. Crit Care Med, 37 (2009), pp. S50–S58〕 In tests it is administered intravenously and, depending on hepatic functionality, have been found to be nontoxic at doses of 500 times that needed to fluoresce the tumor cells. The therapeutic properties appear safe and viable due to the light wavelength absorption being just outside of the visible spectrum in the Near Infra-Red range.
The characteristics of heptamethine dyes can be understood by comparing research data on different dyes within the family. For example, the IR-780 dye exhibits a peak spectral absorption of around 780 nm depending on the diluting agent.〔 Tests have also identified the viability of other analogs including IR-783 and MHI-148.〔 One specific analog of interest is IR-808 which has shown to exhibit not only similar binding and illumination characteristics of the IR-780 analog, but it has shown to have significant photodependent cytotoxicity in various myeloma cell lines and moderate cytotoxicity in HeLa cells both in vivo and in vitro without the need to conjugate and likely change the conformation ability of co-administered cancer drugs such as paclitaxel.〔
== Optical properties ==
The absorption and fluorescence spectrum of heptamethine dyes are in the near infrared region and vary largely on the solvent and concentration. IR-808 absorbs mainly between 775 nm and 796 nm and emits fluorescence between 808 nm and 827 nm with a large red shift as expected in the serum sample.〔 These absorption rates are important for their medical applications due to the image capturing capabilities. Dyes with good pharmacokinetics and fluorescence above 680 nm are considered viable in biomedical imaging due to their significant tissue penetration and imaging signature relative to background frequencies. IR-808 and other analogs produced well defined images with excellent visualization of cancer tumor cells.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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